Xem toàn bộ tài liệu Lớp 11: tại đây

Bài 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

Earth is richly supplied with different types of living organisms which co-exist in their environments, forming complex, interrelated communities. Living organisms depend on one another for nutrients, shelter, and other benefits. The extinction of one species can set off a chain reaction that affects many other species, particularly if the loss occurs near the bottom of the food chain. For example, the extinction of a particular insect or plant might seem inconsequential. However, there may be fish or small animals that depend on that resource for foodstuffs. The loss can threaten the survival of these creatures and larger predators that prey upon them. Extinction can have a ripple effect that spreads throughout nature.

In addition to its biological consequences, extinction poses a moral dilemma for humans, the only species capable of saving the others. The presence of humans on the planet has affected all other life forms, particularly plants and animals. Human lifestyles have proven to be incompatible with the survival of some other species. Purposeful efforts have been made to eliminate animals that prey on people, livestock, crops, or pose any threat to human livelihoods. Some wild animals have been decimated by human desire for meat, hides, fur, or other body parts with commercial value. Likewise, demand for land, water, and other natural resources has left many wild plants and animals with little to no suitable habitat. Humans have also affected nature by introducing non-native species to local areas and producing pollutants having a negative impact on the environment. The combination of these human-related effects and natural obstacles such as disease or low birthrates has proven to be too much for some species to overcome. They have no chance of survival without human help.

As a result, societies have difficult choices to make about the amount of effort and money they are willing to spend to save imperiled species. Will people accept limits on their property rights, recreational activities, and means of livelihood to save a plant or an animal? Should saving such popular species as whales and dolphins take priority over saving obscure, annoying, or fearful species? Is it the responsibility of humans to save every kind of life form from disappearing, or is extinction an inevitable part of nature, in which the strong survive and the weak perish? These are some difficult questions that people face as they ponder the fate of other species living on this planet.

Question 1: What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Humans and endangered species    B. The importance of living organisms

C. Measures to protect endangered species     D. Causes of animal extinction

Đáp án: A

Giải thích: Bài đọc nói về con người và những loài động vật đang bị nguy hiểm

Question 2: . The word “inconsequential” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. unimportant     B. unavoidable     C. unexpected     D. unrecognizable

Đáp án: A

Giải thích: Inconsequential = unimportant (không quan trọng)

Question 3: Which of the following can result from the loss of one species in a food chain?

A. The connections among the creatures in the food chain become closer.

B. Larger predators will look for other types of prey.

C. There might be a lack of food resources for some other species.

D. Animals will shift to another food chain in the community.

Đáp án: C

Giải thích: Dẫn chứng nằm ở 2 dòng cuối của đoạn 1.

Question 4: . The word “They” in paragraph 2 refers to ______.

A. human-related effects     B. some species

C. low birthrates     D. natural obstacles

Đáp án: B

Giải thích: Muốn làm được các câu hỏi dạng này phải đọc câu đằng trước các em nhé.

Question 5: In paragraph 2, non-native species are mentioned as ______.

A. a kind of harmless animals     B. an achievement of human beings

C. a harmful factor to the environment     D. a kind of useful plants

Đáp án: C

Giải thích: Dựa vào dòng 8 và dòng 9 của đoạn 2 có thể suy ra con người sử dụng non – native species để có lợi cho bản thân, tạo ra những nhân tố gây ô nhiễm môi trường.

Question 6: The word “perish” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. develop     B. complete     C. remain     D. disappear

Đáp án: D

Giải thích: Perish = disappear: biến mất, tuyệt chủng

Nếu không làm được ngay nhưng câu như này, các em hãy nhìn lại vào câu văn chứa từ đó và tìm mối liên hệ về nghĩa, xem nó tích cực hay tiêu cực … Ở đây thì là tiêu cực chăc chắn rồi.

In which the strong survive, the weak perish: nơi mà ở đó những con vật khỏe mạnh thì sống, những con vật yếu ớt biến mất (bị chết).

Question 7: According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Humans have difficult choices to make about saving endangered species.

B. The existence of humans is at the expense of some other species.

C. No other species can threaten the survival of humans on Earth.

D. Some animals and plants cannot survive without human help.

Đáp án: C

Giải thích: Chúng ta thấy câu C sai luôn khi đọc đến dòng 4, dòng 5 của đoạn 2.

Question 8: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Animal and plant species which pose threats to humans will die out soon.

B. Saving popular animal and plant species should be given a high priority.

C. Humans will make changes in their lifestyles to save other species

D. The dilemma humans face between maintaining their lives and saving other species remains

Đáp án: D

Giải thích: Mấu chốt của câu này là các em phải đọc hết đoạn cuối để suy ra cái mà tác giả muốn hướng tới: Con người phải đối mặt với sự lựa chọn khó khăn: sự sống của mình hay cứu lấy động vật.

Bài 2. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

All over the country, young people are entering a world of homelessness and poverty, according to a recent report by the housing group, Shelter.

Nearly 150,000 young people aged between sixteen and twenty-five will become homeless this year, says Shelter. Some of the young homeless may sleep out in the open in such places as the “cardboard city” in London, where people of all ages sleep in the open air in their only homes – cardboard boxes. Others may find accommodation in shelters run by voluntary organisations or get a place in a hostel, which gives them board up to ten weeks

But who are these people? Those who are seeking a roof over their heads are mostly not runaways but “throwaways” – people who have been thrown out of their homes or forced to leave because of parental divorce, an unsympathetic step-parent or one of many other reasons.

Take the case of one sixteen-year-old schoolgirl, Alice. She did not come from a poor home and had just passed her exams with good results. The Shelter team met her in a hostel where she was doing her physics homework. Her parents had thrown her out of her home for no other reason that she wanted to do Science Advanced Level Exams – which her parents refused her permission to do, saying that studying sciences was unladylike!

Shelter says that the government’s laws do nothing to help these youngsters. Rising rents, the shortage of cheap housing and the cut in benefits for young people under the age of twenty-five are causing a national problem, according to Shelter. The recent changes in the benefit laws mean that someone aged between sixteen and twenty-five gets less than older people and they can only claim state help if they prove that they left home for a good reason.

Shelter believes that because of the major cuts in benefits to young people, more and more are being forced to sleep on the streets. Shelter also points out that if you are homeless, you can’t get a job because employers will not hire someone without a permanent address; and if you can’t get a job, you are homeless because you don’t have any money to pay for accommodation. It’s an impossible situation.

Question 1: According to a recent report by Shelter, it appears that ____.

A. hostels are too full to offer accommodation to homeless young people

B. more and more young people all over the world are finding themselves homeless

C. nearly 150,000 young people live out in the open

D. young homeless people live in places like “cardboard city”

Đáp án: D

Thông tin: Nearly 150,000 young people aged between sixteen and twenty-five will become homeless this year, says Shelter. Some of the young homeless may sleep out in the open in such places as the “cardboard city” in London …

Dịch: Gần 150.000 thanh niên từ mười sáu đến hai mươi lăm tuổi sẽ trở thành vô gia cư trong năm nay, Shelter nói. Một số thanh niên vô gia cư có thể ngủ ngoài trời ở những nơi như “thành phố tông bìa cứng ở London …..

Question 2: The word“Others” in paragraph 2 refers to ____.

A. people of all ages     B.young people

C. the young homeless     D. voluntary organisations

Đáp án: C

Others thay thế cho “the young homeless”

Question 3: Most young people become homeless because ____.

A. circumstances make it impossible for them to live at home

B. they do not want to live with a divorced parent

C. they have run away from home

D. they have thrown away any chances of living at home by behaving badly

Đáp án: A

Thông tin: But who are these people? Those who are seeking a roof over their heads are mostly not runaways but “throwaways” – people who have been thrown out of their homes or forced to leave because of parental divorce, an unsympathetic step-parent or one of many other reasons.

Dịch: Nhưng những người này là ai? Những người đang tìm kiếm một mái nhà trên đầu của họ hầu hết không phải là người bỏ trốn mà là người ném đá “- những người bị đuổi ra khỏi nhà hoặc buộc phải rời đi vì ly hôn của cha mẹ, cha mẹ kế không thông cảm hoặc một trong nhiều lý do khác.

Question 4: Why was Alice turned out of her home?

A. Her parents didn’t agree with what she wanted to do.

B. She didn’t want to study for her Advanced Level Exams.

C. She had not obtained high marks in her exams.

D. She refused to do her homework in the evening.

Đáp án: A

Thông tin: Her parents had thrown her out of her home for no other reason that she wanted to do Science Advanced Level Exams – which her parents refused her permission to do, saying that studying sciences was unladylike!

Dịch: Cha mẹ cô đã đuổi cô ra khỏi nhà không vì lý do nào khác mà cô muốn làm bài kiểm tra cấp độ khoa học – mà cha mẹ cô đã từ chối cho phép cô làm, nói rằng nghiên cứu khoa học là không giống nhau!

Question 5: According to the passage, “benefits” are ____.

A. extra wages for part-time workers     B. gifts of food and clothing

C. laws about distributing money    D. subsidies for those in need

Đáp án: D

Benefits (phúc lợi) = subsidies for those in need (trợ cấp cho những người có nhu cầu)

Question 6: The changes in the system of benefits mean that ____.

A. anyone under twenty-five and not living at home will receive help with food and accommodation

B. the under twenty-fives can claim money only if they have left home

C. young people do not receive as much money as those over twenty-five

D. young people cannot claim money unless they are under sixteen or over twenty-five

Đáp án:C

Thông tin: The recent changes in the benefit laws mean that someone aged between sixteen and twenty-five gets less than older people.

Dịch: Những thay đổi gần đây trong luật lợi ích có nghĩa là một người trong độ tuổi từ mười sáu đến hai mươi lăm tuổi ít hơn người già.

Question 7: The word “permanent” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ____.

A. flexible    B. obvious     C. stable    D. simple

Đáp án: C

Permanent = stable (adj) dài hạn