Xem toàn bộ tài liệu Lớp 11: tại đây

Bài 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

When Malaysia takes the ASEAN chair next year, it will face a huge challenge. Too few of us know enough about this grouping we call the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. We do not know what it means to be a part of ASEAN and why it is important to us. At the same time, pressure is mounting to reinvent ASEAN to make it more people-centric and less government-centric. The Heat speaks to Global Movement of Moderates CEO Saifuddin Abdullah on why ASEAN should mean more to us than just acronyms.

ASEAN people do not feel like they are a part of the community of Southeast Asian nations. This statement, backed up by survey findings, is pretty bizarre, and extremely hurtful too, considering that ASEAN is 47 years old today. “Interview 10 persons on the street and you would perhaps get only one of them who knows about ASEAN,” says Datuk Saifuddin Abdullah. This CEO of Global Movement of Moderates (GMM) is not running down ASEAN; he’s confronting the truth as it impacts the project he has been entrusted with. Here’s more, in 2012, the ASEAN Secretariat conducted a survey that showed only 34% of Malaysians had heard of the ASEAN community. This compares with 96% of Laotians. Malaysia chairs ASEAN next year, and GMM is a member of the national steering committee organising the ASEAN People’s Forum (APF), a platform designed to bridge the gap between governments and civil society. Never heard of it? You’re forgiven.

The APF actually started off life in the 1990s, except it was called the ASEAN People’s Assembly (APA). It was held back to back with the ASEAN Summit, which is held twice a year. The APA is the forum where 10 leaders of government engage with 10 leaders of civil society in a half-hour meeting. “It was going well until one year when the chairman decided not to hold the APA, so it was discontinued until 2005 when Malaysia took the chairmanship of ASEAN again and founded the ASEAN People’s Forum (APF),” Saifuddin explains. In a perfect world, forums such as the APF or its predecessor APA would have worked perfectly to bridge the gap between government and civil society.

However, as Saifuddin points out, Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) often do not see eye to eye with their governments. For instance this year, Myanmar is chair of ASEAN and in the APF, three member nations – including Malaysia – decided not to recognise the CSO leaders chosen as representatives so the APF did not take place. “This is where the GMM wants to play a role in ensuring that this situation does not arise again,” Saifuddin says.

Question 1: According to the passage, in 1990s, APF was called ____.

A. ASEAN People’s Assembly

B. ASEAN People’s Forum

C. Civil Society Organisations

D. Global Movement of Moderates

Đáp án: A

Thông tin: The APF actually started off life in the 1990s, except it was called the ASEAN People’s Assembly (APA).

Dịch: APF thực sự bắt đầu vào những năm 1990, ngoại trừ nó được gọi là Hội đồng Nhân dân ASEAN (APA).

Question 2: The word “acronyms” in paragraph 1 probably means ____.

A. abbreviations     B. antonyms     C. enlargements     D. synonyms

Đáp án: A

Acronym = abbreviation (từ viết tắt)

Question 3: The phrase “backed up” in paragraph 2 has similar meaning to ____.

A. concluded    B. introduced     C. proved     D. Supported

Đáp án: D

Backed up = supported (được ủng hộ)

Question 4: According to the passage, Datuk Saifuddin Abdullah was CEO of ____.

A. APA     B. APF     C. CSOs     D. GMM

Đáp án: D

Thông tin: ….says Datuk Saifuddin Abdullah. This CEO of Global Movement of Moderates (GMM) is not running down ASEAN.

Dịch: …. Datuk Saifuddin Abdullah nói. CEO của Global Movement of Moderates (GMM) sẽ không điều hành ASEAN.

Question 5: Which of the following statements is NOT true about the APF according to the passage?

A. APF consists of 20 leaders.     B. APF is held every two years.

C. APF is reorganised in 2005.     D. APF lasts for 30 minutes.

Đáp án: B

Thông tin không được đề cập trong bài.

Question 6: The phrase “bridge the gap” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____.

A. avoid the conflict     B. break down the wall

C. build a strong relation     D. narrow the difference

Đáp án: D

Bridge the gap = narrow the difference (thu hẹp sự khác biệt)

Question 7: Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Discontinuing APF led to conflict between government and civil society.

B. Laotians show more interest in politics than Malaysians.

C. The APA was held twice a year until 2005.

D. CSOs do not always agree with their governments.

Đáp án: D

Thông tin: However, as Saifuddin points out, Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) often do not see eye to eye with their governments.

Dịch: Tuy nhiên, như Saifuddin chỉ ra, các tổ chức xã hội dân sự (CSO) thường không để mắt đến chính phủ của họ.

Question 8: Which of the following would serve as the best title for the passage?

A. How important was the ASEAN People’s Forum?

B. Who is going to be the ASEAN chair next year?

C. What does it mean to be a part of ASEAN?

D. Why do GMM play an important role in ASEAN?

Đáp án: C

Tiêu đề thích hợp nhất cho bài đọc: Là một phần của ASEAN có nghĩa là gì?

Bài 2. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes.

In the first form, known as primary cooperation, group and individual fuse. The group contains nearly all of each individual’s life. The rewards of the group’s work are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group and task performed. Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued.

While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modem societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy the fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation.

In the third type called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic: the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals: it breaks down when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship.

Question 1: What is the author’s main purpose in the first paragraph of to passage?

A. To urge readers to cooperate more often

B. To offer a brief definition of cooperation

C. To explain how cooperation differs from competition and conflict

D. To show the importance of group organization and attitudes

Đáp án: B

Mục đích chính của tác giả ở đoạn đầu tiên là nêu ra định nghĩa ngắn gọn của “cooperation”

Question 2: The word “cherished” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______

A. defined     B. agreed on     C. prized     D. set up

Đáp án: C

cherisbed (yêu mến, yêu thương, yêu dấu) = prized (được đánh giá cao)

Question 3: Which of the following statements about primary cooperation is supported by information in the passage?

A. It is usually the first stage of cooperation achieved by a group of individuals attempting to cooperate

B. It is most commonly seen among people who have not yet developed reading and writing skills

C. It is an ideal that can never be achieved

D. It was confined to prehistoric times

Đáp án: B

Thông tin: While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterase societies…”:

Dịch: Trong khi hợp tác sơ đẳng thường chủ yếu là đặc tính của xã hội thuộc thời kỳ tiền văn tự…

Question 4: According to the passage, why do people join groups that practice secondary cooperation?

A. To experience the satisfaction of cooperation

B. To associate with people who have similar backgrounds

C. To get rewards for themselves

D. To defeat a common enemy

Đáp án: C

Thông tin: “Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy the fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power”:

Dịch: Các thành viên thực hiện các nhiệm vụ để họ có thể từng người tận hưởng thành quả của sự hợp tác đó dưới dạng tiền lương. Sự uy tín hoặc ủy quyền.

Question 5: Which of the following is an example of the third form of cooperation as it is defined in the fourth paragraph?

A. Students form a study group so that all of them can improve their grades

B. Members of a farming community share work and the food that they grow

C. Two rival political parties temporarily work together to defeat a third party

D. A new business attempts to take customers away from an established company

Đáp án: C

Thông tin: “The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic: the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship”:

Dịch: Thải độ của các bên hoàn toàn là thái độ cơ cơ hội: tổ chức lòng lèo và mỏng manh. Sự điều tiết bao gồm những phương thức chung nhằm đạt được mục tiêu đối nghịch: Tổ chức sẽ tan rã khi phương thức chung này ngừng trợ giúp mỗi bên trong việc đạt được mục tiêu. Nói một cách khắt khe thì đây hoàn toàn không phải là hợp tác, và vì vậy thuật ngữ hợp tác đối nghịch có phần mâu thuẫn này vẫn thinh thoảng đirợc sử dụng để gọi mối quan hệ hợp tác này

Question 6: Which of the following is NOT given as a name for the third type of cooperation?

A. Tertiary cooperation     B. Antagonistic cooperation

C. Accommodation     D. Latent conflict

Đáp án: D

Thông tin: “In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work… and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship”:

Dịch: Ở loại thứ ba, được gọi là hợp tác kiểu thứ ba hoặc hợp tác điều tiểt, tiềm tàng mâu thuẫn trong công việc chung. . . và vì vậy thuật ngữ hợp tác đối nghịch có phần mâu thuẫn này vẫn thỉnh thoảng được sử dụng để gọi mối quan hệ hợp tác này.

Question 7: The word “fragile” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

A. involuntary     B. poorly planned     C. inefficient     D. easily broken

Đáp án: D

fragile (mỏng manh, dễ vỡ, yếu ớt) = easily broken