Xem toàn bộ tài liệu Lớp 11: tại đây

Bài 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The Amazon rainforest is home to more than a third of all the world’s species of plants, birds and animals. Twenty per cent of all the birds in the world live in the rainforest. Scientists have discovered thousands of types of plants and animals that can only be found there. There are thousands – probably millions more that we haven’t discovered yet. There are at least 2.5 million species of insects there. Imagine what would happen if they all lost their home? It couldn’t happen, could it? Unfortunately, it’s happening right now. Yet, the rainforest is big. But it’s getting smaller. The problem is that people are cutting down the trees, mainly to make room for cows. These provide meat and make money for their owners. This process of cutting down trees is called ‘deforestation’.

The good news is that it is slowing down. In 2004, for example, more than 27,000 square kilometres were cut down. That’s an area bigger than Wales. In 2006, because of all the campaigns to save rainforest, it dropped to just over 13,000 square kilometres. The bad news is that it’s not enough. Scientists predict that by 2030, the rainforest will have become smaller by 40%. It’s possible that by the end of the 21st century, the rainforest will have completely disappeared. With deforestation, thousands of the animals, birds, fish and plants that live in the Amazon rainforest lose their home, their natural habitat. Some of them move to other areas, but most of them die. Many species have already become extinct, and many more will if deforestation continues. That will change the balance of life in the rainforest and could cause enormous problems to the region’s ecosystem.

There’s another problem too. Trees and plants are a vital source of oxygen. If we cut them down, we lose that oxygen. But it’s worse than just that. With deforestation, the trees and plants are burnt. This sends gases into the Earth’s atmosphere, which stops some of the Earth’s heat escaping. That then leads to the temperature here on the ground going up. This increase in the world’s temperature is called ‘global warming’, and most scientists believe it’s a very serious issue. If they stopped deforestation, it might help prevent global warming

Question 1: Which title best summarises the main idea of the passage?

A. Chances for owners of cow ranches

B. Threats to Amazon rainforest

C. Global warming effects

D. Habitat destruction

Đáp án: B

Bài độc nói về những mối nguy hại đến rừng nhiệt đới Amazion.

Question 2: According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. A fifth of all the birds in the world live in the rainforest.

B. 20% of all the animals in the world live in the rainforest.

C. Nearly two million species of insects are found in the Amazon rainforest.

D. Nearly half of the world’s species of plants grow there.

Đáp án: A

Thông tin: Twenty per cent of all the birds in the world live in the rainforest.

Dịch: Hai mươi phần trăm tất cả các loài chim trên thế giới sống trong rừng nhiệt đới

Question 3: In paragraph 1, the word “room” is closest in meaning to ____.

A. chamber     B. flat     C. area     D. studio

Đáp án: C

Room = Area (không gian)

Question 4: In paragraph 2, the word “it” refers to ____.

A. room     B. process     C. rainforest     D. deforestation

Đáp án: D

Thông tin: This process of cutting down trees is called ‘deforestation’. The good news is that it is slowing down.

Dịch: Quá trình chặt cây này được gọi là “phá rừng”. Tin tốt là nó đang chậm lại.

Question 5: According the passage, which of the following is TRUE about Amazon rainforest?

A. It has become smaller by 40%.

B. The deforestation is decreasing.

C. 25% of animal species are extinct now.

D. The deforestation is under control.

Đáp án: B

Thông tin: Scientists predict that by 2030, the rainforest will have become smaller by 40%. It’s possible that by the end of the 21st century, the rainforest will have completely disappeared.

Dịch:Các nhà khoa học dự đoán đến năm 2030, rừng mưa nhiệt đới sẽ trở nên nhỏ hơn 40%. Có thể là vào cuối thế kỷ 21, rừng nhiệt đới sẽ hoàn toàn biến mất.

Question 6: In paragraph 2, the word “enormous” is closest in meaning to ____.

A. serious     B. important     C. common     D. insignificant

Đáp án: A

Enormous = serious (nghiêm trọng, to lớn)

Question 7: What might help to restrain global warming?

A. increasing deforestation     B. stabilising deforestation

C. stop cutting down trees     D. clearing more trees for farming

Đáp án: C

Thông tin: If they stopped deforestation, it might help prevent global warming.

Dịch: Nếu họ ngừng phá rừng, điều đó có thể giúp ngăn chặn sự nóng lên toàn cầu.

Question 8: In the final paragraph, the word “increase” is closest in meaning to ____.

A. rise     B. decrease     C. degrade     D. minify

Đáp án: A

Increase = rise (tăng lên)

Bài 2. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helped to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do this was to expose the food to sun and wind. In this way the North American Indians produced pemmican (dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes), the Scandinavians made stockfish and the Arabs dried dates and apricots.

All foods contain water – cabbage and other leaf vegetables contain as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%, lean meat 75% and fish anything from 80% to 60% depending on how fatty it is. If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked.

Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor, Greece, Spain and other Mediterranean countries, and also in California, South Africa and Australia. The methods used vary, but in general the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun. In order to prevent darkening, pears, peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulphur before drying. Plums for making prunes, and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins and currants, are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating, so increasing the rate of drying.

Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically; the conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110°C at entry to about 45°C at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables, minced meat, and fish.

Liquids such as milk, coffee, tea, soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated horizontal steel cylinder or by spraying them into a chamber through which a current of hot air passes. In the first case, the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin film which is then broken up into small, though still relatively coarse flakes. In the second process it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder. Where recognizable pieces of meat and vegetables are required, as in soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed.

Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions. For these reasons they are invaluable to climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have little storage space. They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them.

Question 1: What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Advantages of dried foods.

B. Water: the main component of food.

C. Mechanization of drying foods.

D. Different methods of drying foods.

Đáp án: D

Giải thích: Câu hỏi này thường ở đầu của bài đọc, nhưng ta nên để làm cuối cùng, vì sau khi làm các câu khác, ta sẽ biết ngay bài nói về vấn đề gì (các cách khác nhau để sấy thực phẩm)

Question 2: The phrase “do this” in the first paragraph mostly means ______.

A. expose foods to sun and wind    B. remove moisture from foods

C. produce pemmican     D. moisten foods

Đáp án: B

Thông tin: Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helped to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do this was to expose the food to sun and wind.

Dịch: Nhiều thế kỷ trước, con người đã phát hiện ra rằng việc loại bỏ độ ẩm khỏi thực phẩm giúp bảo quản nó và cách dễ nhất để làm điều này là phơi thức ăn ra nắng và gió.

Question 3: The word “checked” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.

A. reduced considerably     B. put a tick

C. examined carefully     D. motivated to develop

Đáp án: A

Reduced considerably (giảm một cách đáng kể).

Checked: đã vượt qua khâu kiểm tra, tức là hàm ý đến hành động trước đó đã thực hiện.

Question 4: In the process of drying certain kinds of fruits, sulphur fumes help ______.

A. remove their wax coating    B. kill off bacteria

C. maintain their color     D. crack their skin

Đáp án: C

Thông tin: In order to prevent darkening, pears, peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulphur before drying.

Dịch: Để tránh bị sẫm màu, lê, đào và mơ tiếp xúc với khói đốt lưu huỳnh trước khi sấy.

Question 5: Nowadays the common method for drying vegetables and minced meat is ______.

A. spreading them out on trays in drying yards

B. dipping them in an alkaline solution

C. putting them in chambers and blowing hot air through

D. pouring them over a heated horizontal steel cylinder

Đáp án:

Thông tin: The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 1100C at entry to about 450C at exit.

Dịch: Phương pháp thông thường của việc mất nước như vậy là đưa thức ăn vào các buồng mà qua đó không khí nóng được thổi ở nhiệt độ khoảng 1100C khi vào khoảng 450C khi thoát ra.

Question 6: What does the word “which” in the fourth paragraph refer to?

A. Vegetables     B. Foods     C. Things     D. Chambers

Đáp án: D

Giải thích: bỏ food vào chambers, thông qua cái chambers này, không khí nóng được thổi

Question 7: The final product of the process of drying liquids that uses the first method will be ______.

A. small flakes     B. fine powder    C. dried soup     D. recognizable pieces

Đáp án: A

Thông tin: In the first case, the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin film which is then broken up into small, though still relatively coarse flakes.

Dịch: Trong trường hợp đầu tiên, vật liệu khô được cạo ra khỏi con lăn dưới dạng một màng mỏng sau đó được chia thành các mảnh nhỏ, mặc dù vẫn còn mảnh tương đối thô.