Xem toàn bộ tài liệu Lớp 11: tại đây

Đề bài Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers.

The dramatic growth of the world’s population in the twentieth century was on a scale without parallel in human history. Most of this growth had occurred since 1950 and was known as the population ‘explosion’. Between 1950 and 1980 the world population increased from 2.5 to over 4 billion, and by the end of the twenty century the figure had risen to about 6.6 billion. Growth of this size cannot continue indefinitely. Recent forecasts suggest that the total population will level out at between 10 and 15 billion in the mid twenty first century. Already there are encouraging signs that the rate of increase in many less developed countries is beginning to slow down.

Question 1: According to the passage, at no period in human history has there been ______.

A. a population explosion of the magnitude as the one in the twenty century

B. a universal fear about the future of man

C. as comprehensive a study of population problems as the one envisaged now

D. so much consensus among nations concerning the population of the world

Đáp án: A

Giải thích: The dramatic growth of the world’s population in the twentieth century was on a scale without parallel in human history.

Dịch: Sự tăng trưởng mạnh mẽ của dân số thế giới trong thế kỷ XX là trên một quy mô không có song song trong lịch sử loài người.

Question 2: In 2000, the world’s population was about ______.

A. four billion

B. six billion

C. ten billion

D. fifteen billion

Đáp án: B

Giải thích: … and by the end of the twenty century the figure had risen to about 6.6 billion. Growth of this size cannot continue indefinitely.

Dịch: … và vào cuối thế kỷ hai mươi, con số đã tăng lên khoảng 6,6 tỷ. Tăng trưởng kích thước này không thể tiếp tục vô thời hạn.

Question 3: It is pointed out in the passage that the increase in the world population ______.

A. is expected to continue even faster until 2050

B. will not continue into the next century

C. has been going on noticeably since 1950

D. has been much faster in the industrialized countries

Đáp án: A

Giải thích: Recent forecasts suggest that the total population will level out at between 10 and 15 billion in the mid twenty first century.

Dịch: Dự báo gần đây cho thấy rằng tổng dân số sẽ chững lại ở mức từ 10 đến 15 tỷ vào giữa thế kỷ 21.

Question 4: The phrasal verb ‘level out’ in line 8 means ______.

A. to make something equal

B. to make amounts be of higher level

C. to stop moving up or down

D. to stay at a steady level

Đáp án: B

Giải thích: Level out (ph.v) vượt mức

Question 5: It has been forecast that, by the middle of the twenty-first century _____.

A. various measures will have been taken to encourage population growth

B. the world population will be stabilized at around 10 to 15 billion

C. the population growth rate in less developed countries will be much higher

D. the rate of population increase will have doubled the 1950 rate

Đáp án: B

Giải thích: Recent forecasts suggest that the total population will level out at between 10 and 15 billion in the mid twenty first century.

Dịch: Dự báo gần đây cho thấy rằng tổng dân số sẽ chững lại ở mức từ 10 đến 15 tỷ vào giữa thế kỷ 21.

Đề bài Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers.

No one knows the limits of population that the earth can support. Thomas Malthus, an English economist, developed a theory that became widely accepted in the nineteenth century. He suggested that because world population tended to increase more rapidly than the food supply, a continual strain was exerted upon available resources. Malthus cited wars, famines, epidemics, and other diseases as the usual limitations of population growth.

With recent advances in science and technology, including improved agricultural methods and great strides in medicine, some of the limiting factors in population growth have been lessened, with obvious results.

International organizations have put forward several recommendations to alleviate the problem of overpopulation, including an increase in food production, general economic development in target areas, and a decrease in birth rate. Most experts agree that it will be necessary to combine all three recommendations in an effort to affect a lasting solution.

Question 6: It was suggested by Thomas Malthus that _______.

A. food was in short supply because of population increase

B. The rapid growth of population led to an acute shortage of natural resources

C. Rapid population growth put a great strain on available resources

D. Pressures on natural resources will increase as we face a population explosion

Đáp án: A

Giải thích: He suggested that because world population tended to increase more rapidly than the food supply, a continual strain was exerted upon available resources.

Dịch: Ông cho rằng vì dân số thế giới có xu hướng tăng nhanh hơn nguồn cung lương thực, một chủng liên tục đã được sử dụng dựa trên các nguồn lực sẵn có.

Question 7: Which of the following was not mentioned as the usual limitations of population growth?

A. wars

B. epidemics

C. famines

D. agricultural methods

Đáp án: D

Giải thích: Malthus cited wars, famines, epidemics, and other diseases as the usual limitations of population growth.

Dịch: Malthus đã trích dẫn các cuộc chiến tranh, nạn đói, dịch bệnh và các bệnh khác như những hạn chế thông thường của sự gia tăng dân số.

Question 8: According to the passage, why has overpopulation been caused?

A. Improved technology

B. Disasters

C. Scarcity

D. Precaution

Đáp án: A

Giải thích: With recent advances in science and technology, including improved agricultural methods and great strides in medicine, some of the limiting factors in population growth have been lessened, with obvious results.

Dịch: Với những tiến bộ gần đây trong khoa học và công nghệ, bao gồm các phương pháp nông nghiệp được cải thiện và những bước tiến lớn trong y học, một số yếu tố hạn chế trong tăng trưởng dân số đã được giảm bớt, với kết quả rõ ràng.

Question 9: What do most experts recommend in order to solve problems of overpopulation?

A. Famine and epidemic

B. Economic development and a decline in birth rate

C. Medical advance and improved agricultural methods

D. Conservation of available resources

Đáp án: B

Giải thích: International organizations have put forward several recommendations to alleviate the problem of overpopulation, including an increase in food production, general economic development in target areas, and a decrease in birth rate. Most experts agree that it will be necessary to combine all three recommendations in an effort to affect a lasting solution.

Dịch: Các tổ chức quốc tế đã đưa ra một số khuyến nghị để giảm bớt vấn đề dân số quá mức, bao gồm tăng sản xuất lương thực, phát triển kinh tế chung ở các khu vực mục tiêu và giảm tỷ lệ sinh. Hầu hết các chuyên gia đồng ý rằng sẽ cần phải kết hợp cả ba khuyến nghị trong một nỗ lực để ảnh hưởng đến một giải pháp lâu dài.

Question 10: Which of the following is not true according to the passage?

A. The earth have enough resources to support all of its population.

B. The theory developed by Thomas Malthus was believed by most people in the 19th century.

C. Medical advance has lessened some of the limiting factors in population growth.

D. International organizations arc seeking a lasting solution to the overpopulation problem.

Đáp án: B

Giải thích: Thông tin không đề cập trong bài.

Đề bài Read the passage, then choose the correct answers.

The world’s population increased from 3 billion in 1959 to 6 billion by 1999, a doubling that occurred over 40 years. The Census Bureau’s lasted projections imply that population growth will continue into the 21st century, although more slowly. The world’s population is projected to grow from 6 billion in 1999 to 9 billion by 2042, an increase of 50 percent that will require 43 years.

The world’s population growth rate rose from about 1.5 percent per year from 1950 to 1951 to a peak of over 2 percent in the early 1960s due to reductions in mortality. Growth rates thereafter started to decline due to rising age at marriage as well as increasing availability and use of effective contraceptive methods. Note that changes in population growth have not always been steady. A dip in the growth rate from 1959 to 1960, for instance, was due to the Great Leap Forward in China. During that time, both natural disasters and decreased agricutural output in the wake of massive social reorganization caused China’s death rate to rise sharply and its fertility rate to fall by almost half.

Question 11: How many people did the world’s population increase between 1959 and 1999?

A. 3 billion

B. 6 billion

C. 40 million

D 9 billion

Đáp án: B

Giải thích: The world’s population increased from 3 billion in 1959 to 6 billion by 1999.

Dịch: Dân số thế giới tăng từ 3 tỷ vào năm 1959 lên 6 tỷ vào năm 1999.

Question 12: Which sentence is true?

A. The world’s population dramatically decreasing.

B. Population growth in the 21th century was more than that in the 20th century.

C. Population growth in the 20th century was more than that in the 21th century.

D. In 1999, there are about 6 billion people all over the world.

Đáp án: B

Giải thích: The Census Bureau’s lasted projections imply that population growth will continue into the 21st century, although more slowly.

Dịch: Những dự báo kéo dài của Cục điều tra dân số ngụ ý rằng sự gia tăng dân số sẽ tiếp tục vào thế kỷ 21, mặc dù chậm hơn.

Question 13: The word “require” in line 4 means ________ .

A. spend

B. demand

C. pass

D. take

Đáp án: B

Giải thích: Require = demand (yêu cầu)

Question 14: The population growth rate decrease due to _________ .

A. reductions in mortality

B. early marriage

C. good health care

D. the effective use of birth control methods.

Đáp án: D

Giải thích: Growth rates thereafter started to decline due to rising age at marriage as well as increasing availability and use of effective contraceptive methods.

Dịch: Tốc độ tăng trưởng sau đó bắt đầu giảm do tuổi tăng khi kết hôn cũng như tăng tính sẵn có và sử dụng các biện pháp tránh thai hiệu quả.

Question 15: In 1959 – 1960, the population growth in China ________ .

A. increased rapidly

B. decreased

C. was steady

D. was unchangeable

Đáp án: B

Giải thích: During that time, both natural disasters and decreased agricutural output in the wake of massive social reorganization caused China’s death rate to rise sharply and its fertility rate to fall by almost half.

Dịch: Trong thời gian đó, cả thiên tai và sản lượng nông nghiệp đều giảm sau khi tái tổ chức xã hội lớn khiến tỷ lệ tử vong của Trung Quốc tăng mạnh và tỷ lệ sinh giảm xuống gần một nửa.